What does “Frozen-In” Mean?
For highly conductive plasma (conductivity (σ) → ∞), we often say that the plasma is ‘frozen-in’ the magnetic field lines, but what does this mean physically? Let’s begin by examining the mathematical (forgive me) behavior of the flow. From Ohm’s Law and Ampere’s Law1 Solve for E Take the curl of both sides By Faraday’s Law and the vector identify for Recall the Maxwell equation that says that there can be no magnetic monopoles and distribute the negative sign where…